1.一般阻燃电线电缆

1. General flame-retardant wires and cables

一般阻燃电线电缆绝缘及护套资料一般选用的是含卤素(或参加含卤素阻燃剂改性)的高分子资料，常用的是聚氯乙烯(PVC)资料。一般的PVC树脂具有出众的电绝缘性，耐化学性，耐磨性、耐老化性能优良，且价格低廉的特色成为我国目前运用量大的电缆资料原料，但PVC焚烧时会释放出氯化氢、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、各种芳香烃类、含氯化合物等有毒有害气体。

Generally, the insulation and sheath materials for flame-retardant wires and cables are made of high molecular weight materials containing halogens (or modified with halogen flame retardants), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials are commonly used. General PVC resin has extremely high electrical insulation, chemical resistance, wear resistance, excellent aging resistance, and low cost, making it a widely used cable material in China. However, PVC incineration releases toxic and harmful gases such as hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, various aromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated compounds.

2. 低烟型阻燃电线电缆

2. Low smoke flame-retardant wires and cables

低烟型阻燃电线电缆可在绝缘及护套资料中参加氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁等无机氢氧化物阻燃剂。其阻燃原理为凝聚相阻燃原理：氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁受热分解释放水分，同时吸收热量下降绝缘及护套资料的实际温度，按捺资料的分解和释放可燃性气体。生成的金属氧化物又是耐火资料，覆盖于资料外表能提高绝缘及护套抵抗火焰的能力，起到隔绝空气阻止焚烧的目的。氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁作为阻燃剂优点如下：无毒、不挥发、价廉、阻燃、消烟。但与基体树脂相容性差，作为阻燃剂时建议很多增加才能达到一定的阻燃别，很多增加易导致资料成型加工性、力学性能下降。

Low smoke flame-retardant wires and cables can be treated with inorganic hydroxide flame retardants such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide in their insulation and sheath materials. The flame retardant principle is the condensed phase flame retardant principle: aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide decompose and release water when heated, while absorbing heat to lower the actual temperature of insulation and sheath materials, suppressing the decomposition of materials and releasing flammable gases. The generated metal oxide is also a refractory material. Covering the surface of the material can improve the insulation and sheath's ability to resist flames, serving the purpose of isolating air and preventing incineration. The advantages of using aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide as flame retardants are as follows: non-toxic, non-volatile, inexpensive, flame retardant, and smoke reducing. However, the compatibility with the matrix resin is poor, and when used as a flame retardant, it must be increased significantly to achieve a certain level of flame retardancy. Many increases can easily lead to a decrease in the formability and mechanical properties of the material.

低烟型阻燃线缆也可在资料中参加锑系化合物。锑系化合物本身不是阻燃剂，而是一种阻燃协同剂，常与卤化物合作运用，在高温下三氧化二锑与卤化物反应生成三卤化锑或卤氧化锑，其阻燃原理为气相阻燃原理：三卤化锑蒸汽能较长时刻停留在焚烧区，可稀释可燃性气体，三卤化锑蒸汽密度大，覆盖在聚合物外表，可起到隔热隔氧的作用，这对按捺资料的焚烧是非常有效的;卤氧化锑的分解为吸热反应，可有效下降被阻燃资料的温度和分解速率;液态及固态三卤化锑微粒的外表效应可下降火焰能量;三卤化锑能促进凝聚相的成炭反应，相对推迟生成可燃气体的资料的热分解和氧化分解，且生成的炭层可阻止可燃气逸入火焰区，并保护下层资料免遭破坏。

Low smoke flame-retardant cables can also include antimony compounds in the documentation. Antimony compounds themselves are not flame retardants, but rather a type of flame retardant synergist that is often used in conjunction with halides. At high temperatures, antimony trioxide reacts with halides to form antimony trihalide or antimony oxyhalide. Its flame retardant principle is gas-phase flame retardant principle: antimony trihalide vapor can remain in the incineration zone for a long time, diluting flammable gases. Antimony trihalide vapor has a high density and covers the surface of polymers, which can provide insulation and oxygen isolation. This is very effective for the incineration of refractory materials; The decomposition of antimony oxyhalide is an endothermic reaction, which can effectively reduce the temperature and decomposition rate of flame-retardant materials; The surface effect of liquid and solid antimony trihalide particles can reduce flame energy; Antimony trihalide can promote the carbonization reaction of condensed phases, relatively delaying the thermal and oxidative decomposition of materials that generate combustible gases. The generated char layer can prevent combustible gases from escaping into the flame zone and protect the underlying materials from damage.

沈阳电缆

Shenyang Cable

3. 低烟无卤型阻燃电线电缆

3. Low smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire and cable

低烟无卤型阻燃电线电缆的绝缘及护套资料多为热塑性弹性体材料，材料中不含有氟氯溴碘等卤族元素，在制作过程中排除了汞、铬、镉、铅等对环境有较大污染的重金属元素，经常选用的资料有聚酰胺。这种线缆的阻燃机理为中止交换阻燃机理。中止交换阻燃是指将阻燃资料焚烧时发生的部分热量带走，致使资料不能维持热分解温度，因此不能持续发生可燃气体，于是焚烧自熄。例如，当阻燃资料受强热或焚烧时可熔化，而熔融资料滴落时，可将大部分热量带走，致使焚烧推迟，终可能终止焚烧。

The insulation and sheath materials of low smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wires and cables are mostly thermoplastic elastomer materials, which do not contain halogen elements such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. During the production process, heavy metal elements such as mercury, chromium, cadmium, and lead that cause significant environmental pollution are excluded. Polyamide is often used as a material. The flame retardant mechanism of this cable is to suspend the exchange flame retardant mechanism. Suspending exchange flame retardant refers to taking away some of the heat generated during the incineration of flame retardant materials, causing the materials to be unable to maintain their thermal decomposition temperature and thus unable to continue producing combustible gases, resulting in self extinguishing during incineration. For example, when flame retardant materials are subjected to strong heat or incineration, they can melt, and when the molten materials drip, they can take away most of the heat, causing the incineration to be delayed and eventually terminated.

4. 氟塑料型阻燃电线电缆

4. Fluoroplastic flame retardant wire and cable

氟塑料型阻燃电线电缆由于其资料的非常的化学结构而使自身带有阻燃性。这种资料无需改性或作阻燃处理，具有耐高温、抗氧化、不易燃、氧指数高、能自熄等特色，是光纤通信电缆的理想用线。

Fluoroplastic flame-retardant wires and cables possess flame retardancy due to their unique chemical structure. This type of material does not require modification or flame retardant treatment, and has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, non flammability, high oxygen index, and self extinguishing. It is an ideal wire for fiber optic communication cables.

一般绝缘电线和阻燃电线有什么差异?

What is the difference between insulated wires and flame-retardant wires?

一般绝缘电线和阻燃电线差异在于阻燃电线有通过阻燃测试或者认证,而一般电缆没有，大多数的一般绝缘电线和阻燃电线在外观上没有明显差异,但国内的阻燃电线会在印字内容上加上ZR字样.而国外的规范如UL依据阻燃等不同则在上面印有VW-1或者CMP,CMR 等字样。阻燃电缆，是指在规定试验条件下，试样被焚烧，在撤去试验火源后，火焰的延伸仅在限制范围内，残焰或残灼在限制时刻内能自行熄灭的电缆。根本特性是：在火灾情况下有可能被烧坏而不能运行，但可阻止火势的延伸。通俗地讲，电线万一失火，可以把焚烧限制在局部范围内，不发生延伸，保住其他的各种设备，避免造成更大的损失。

The difference between general insulated wires and flame-retardant wires is that flame-retardant wires have passed flame-retardant testing or certification, while general cables do not. Most general insulated wires and flame-retardant wires do not have significant differences in appearance, but domestic flame-retardant wires will add ZR words to the printed content However, foreign standards such as UL have VW-1, CMP, CMR, and other labels printed on them based on flame retardancy. Flame retardant cable refers to a cable in which the sample is burned under specified test conditions, and after removing the test source, the extension of the flame is only within the limited range, and the residual flame or burn can be extinguished by itself within the limited time. The fundamental characteristic is that it may be burned out and unable to operate in the event of a fire, but it can prevent the spread of the fire. Simply put, in case of a fire in the power line, the burning can be limited to a local area, without extension, to protect other equipment and avoid causing greater losses.