电缆桥架的耐火性能直接关系到火灾时电力系统的运行，济南作为建筑密集城市，对其测试有严格标准，需模拟真实火灾场景，评估高温下的结构稳定性与隔热能力，确保在规定时间内保护电缆。

　　The fire resistance performance of cable trays is directly related to the safe operation of the power system during a fire. As a densely populated city, Jinan has strict standards for its testing, which requires simulating real fire scenarios, evaluating the structural stability and insulation capacity under high temperatures, and ensuring the protection of cables within the specified time.

　　测试前的样品准备需贴合实际场景。选取济南常用的槽式、托盘式、梯式等类型，材质涵盖钢、铝合金及玻璃钢，规格与工程应用一致（宽 50-800mm，高 50-200mm），长度 1.5-2m。按实际安装方式组装，含盖板、支架及附件，支架间距 1.5-2m，内敷匹配电缆模拟负载。样品需无变形、裂缝，表面防火涂层完好，避免自身质量影响测试公正。

　　The sample preparation before testing needs to be tailored to the actual scenario. Select commonly used groove, tray, ladder and other types in Jinan, with materials including steel, aluminum alloy and fiberglass. The specifications are consistent with the engineering application (width 50-800mm, height 50-200mm), and the length is 1.5-2m. Assemble according to the actual installation method, including cover plate, bracket and accessories, with a bracket spacing of 1.5-2m, and internally lay matching cables to simulate loads. The sample should be free of deformation and cracks, and the surface fireproof coating should be intact to avoid its own quality affecting the fairness of the test.

　　耐火测试在专用燃烧装置中进行，核心是模拟标准升温曲线。济南多采用标准曲线，30 分钟内炉温升 925℃并保持，温度与时间关系符合 T-t=345lg (8t+1)。样品水平或垂直装于燃烧炉，两端伸出部分密封防火焰外溢。桥架内、表面及周围设热电偶，实时监测温度，记录内壁温度（需低于 180℃以保护电缆绝缘）和结构关键部位温度。

　　The fire resistance test is conducted in a dedicated combustion device, with the core being the simulation of the standard temperature rise curve. Jinan often adopts national standard curves, where the furnace temperature rises to 925 ℃ within 30 minutes and is maintained, and the temperature time relationship follows T-t=345lg (8t+1). The sample is horizontally or vertically installed in the combustion furnace, with the protruding parts at both ends sealed to prevent flame overflow. Thermocouples are installed inside, on the surface, and around the cable tray to monitor temperature in real time, with a focus on recording the temperature of the inner wall (below 180 ℃ to protect cable insulation) and the temperature of key structural parts.

　　结构稳定性测试评估火灾中的承载能力。施加与实际相符的载荷（自重、电缆重及附加荷载），观察是否出现明显变形（挠度超跨度 1/100）、连接松动断裂或盖板脱落。济南高层建筑的大跨度桥架（跨度超 6m），需测试抗坍塌能力，从加热到失去承载能力的时间需达标（如 30 分钟、60 分钟），确保电缆通路。

　　Structural stability testing evaluates the load-bearing capacity in a fire. Apply loads that match the actual situation (self weight, cable weight, and additional loads), and observe whether there is significant deformation (deflection exceeding 1/100 of the span), loose connections, fractures, or cover plate detachment. The large-span cable tray of high-rise buildings in Jinan (with a span of over 6m) needs to be tested for its anti collapse ability, and the time from heating to losing bearing capacity needs to meet the standard (such as 30 minutes, 60 minutes) to ensure the cable pathway.

　　隔热性能测试关注阻热能力。通过内部热电偶监测温度，规定时间内（如 30 分钟）内侧温度不超 180℃，温升速率不超 10℃/min 即为合格。敷设有耐火电缆的桥架，允许温度适当提高，但需保证绝缘层完好。同时观察防火涂层表现，记录起皱、脱落时间，这对济南潮湿环境下的桥架很重要，涂层脱落会加速升温。

　　The insulation performance test focuses on the heat resistance ability. By monitoring the temperature through internal thermocouples, if the inner temperature does not exceed 180 ℃ within a specified time (such as 30 minutes) and the temperature rise rate does not exceed 10 ℃/min, it is considered qualified. For cable trays with fire-resistant cables, it is allowed to increase the temperature appropriately, but it is necessary to ensure that the insulation layer is intact. At the same time, observe the performance of the fireproof coating and record the time of wrinkling and peeling, which is important for bridge structures in humid environments in Jinan. Coating peeling will accelerate temperature rise.

　　耐火极限是核心指标，综合结构与隔热性能判定。出现以下情况即达极限：结构失去承载能力（坍塌、变形致电缆掉落）；内侧温度超规定值；火焰穿透到非受火面。济南不同场所要求不同，普通办公楼需 30 分钟，医院、地铁等重要场所需 60 分钟以上，测试结果需标注耐火等级供选型。

　　The fire resistance limit is the core indicator, which is determined based on the comprehensive structure and thermal insulation performance. When the following situations occur, the limit is reached: the structure loses its load-bearing capacity (collapse, deformation causing cables to fall off); The inner temperature exceeds the specified value; The flame penetrates to the non fire affected surface. Different places in Jinan have different requirements. Ordinary office buildings require 30 minutes, while important places such as hospitals and subways require more than 60 minutes. The test results need to indicate the fire resistance level for selection.

　　测试后评估样品损坏状态。冷却后检查变形、材料氧化及连接损坏，钢制看是否熔化弯曲，铝合金看强度是否骤降，玻璃钢看是否碳化开裂。检测内部电缆绝缘电阻，耐火极限内保持规定值（如 100MΩ）说明保护有效。测试报告记录升温曲线、温度数据等，为济南桥架生产改进和工程应用提供依据。

　　Evaluate the damage status of the sample after testing. After cooling, check for deformation, material oxidation, and connection damage. Check for melting and bending of steel, sudden drop in strength of aluminum alloy, and carbonization and cracking of fiberglass. Detecting the insulation resistance of internal cables and maintaining the specified value (such as 100M Ω) within the fire resistance limit indicates effective protection. The test report records the heating curve, temperature data, etc., providing a basis for the improvement of Jinan bridge production and engineering applications.

　　济南电缆桥架的耐火测试，考核高温下的表现，既达国标又适应本地需求。严格流程确保火灾中延缓火势、保护电缆，为城市电力提供保障，也为产品质量提升指明方向。

　　The fire resistance test of Jinan cable tray comprehensively assesses its performance under high temperatures, meeting both national standards and local needs. Strict procedures ensure the delay of fire and protection of cables in case of fire, providing guarantees for urban power safety and pointing out the direction for improving product quality.

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