在电气工程的隐蔽工程中，电缆桥架如同电力的 “血管支架”，其质量直接影响电缆寿命与系统。但少数不良厂商会在材料厚度、加工工艺、配件质量上 “动手脚”，导致桥架承重不足、防腐失效甚引发短路风险。掌握一套细致的检查方法，就能像给桥架做 “全身体检”，让偷工减料的猫腻无处遁形。

　　In the concealed engineering of electrical engineering, cable trays are like the "vascular supports" of electricity, and their quality directly affects the service life of cables and system safety. However, a small number of unscrupulous manufacturers may take risks in terms of material thickness, processing technology, and accessory quality, resulting in insufficient load-bearing capacity, corrosion resistance failure, and even short circuit risk of the bridge. Mastering a detailed set of inspection methods can be like giving a "full body examination" to a bridge frame, making the tricks of cutting corners nowhere to hide.

　　一、外观 “望诊”：细节里藏着 “诚实度”

　　1、 Appearance "inspection": "Honesty" hidden in details

　　用肉眼观察桥架的 “外在品相”。合格桥架表面应平整光滑，热镀锌层均匀无漏镀（锌层厚度≥65μm），喷涂桥架的涂层厚度≥60μm，用指甲轻划无脱落；若发现局部泛白、锈点或涂层厚薄不均，可能是表面处理工序缩水。其次查看焊接或拼接处：焊点应连续饱满（焊缝高度≥3mm），无虚焊、漏焊（用手电筒侧照可发现缝隙），螺栓连接孔边缘无毛刺（毛刺会划伤电缆绝缘层），且孔径与螺栓规格匹配（如 M6 螺栓对应孔径 6.5-7mm，过大可能偷工导致连接松动）。正规桥架的出厂标识应清晰标注执行标准（如 /T 10216）、材质型号（如 Q235B）、板材厚度等信息，若标识模糊或缺失关键参数，需提高警惕。

　　Firstly, observe the "external appearance" of the bridge with the naked eye. The qualified bridge surface should be flat and smooth, with a uniform hot-dip galvanized layer and no missing plating (zinc layer thickness ≥ 65 μ m). The coating thickness of the sprayed bridge should be ≥ 60 μ m, and there should be no peeling when lightly scratched with a fingernail; If local whitening, rust spots, or uneven coating thickness are found, it may be due to shrinkage in the surface treatment process. Next, check the welding or splicing points: the welding points should be continuous and full (weld height ≥ 3mm), without virtual welding or missing welding (gaps can be found by side illumination with a flashlight), the edges of the bolt connection holes should be free of burrs (burrs can scratch the cable insulation layer), and the hole diameter should match the bolt specifications (such as M6 bolts corresponding to a hole diameter of 6.5-7mm, which may cause loose connections due to theft). The factory labeling of regular cable trays should clearly indicate the implementation standards (such as /T 10216), material models (such as Q235B), plate thickness, and other information. If the labeling is unclear or key parameters are missing, vigilance should be heightened.

　　二、尺寸 “量诊”：毫米级的 “质量分水岭”

　　2、 Size "measurement diagnosis": millimeter level "quality watershed"

　　用游标卡尺（精度 0.02mm）测量板材厚度是核心环节：标准要求，桥架宽度＜200mm 时，底板厚度≥1.2mm；200-400mm 时≥1.5mm；400-800mm 时≥2.0mm；800mm 以上≥2.5mm。尤其要测量托盘式桥架的底板中部（易偷薄区域），槽式桥架的侧板折弯处（折弯可能导致实际厚度减薄）。检查配件尺寸：连接片厚度应与桥架主体一致（如主体 2.0mm 则连接片不低于 1.8mm），支撑件的横档直径（如圆钢支撑）需≥8mm，托架间距≤1.5m（过大致使承重能力下降）。用钢卷尺测量桥架长度、宽度、高度，误差应≤±2mm，若实测值比标称值小 5mm 以上，可能是模具老化或偷工导致尺寸缩水。

　　Measuring the thickness of the board with a vernier caliper (accuracy 0.02mm) is the core step: according to national standards, when the width of the bridge is less than 200mm, the thickness of the bottom plate should be ≥ 1.2mm; when the width is between 200-400mm, it should be ≥ 1.5mm; when the width is between 400-800mm, it should be ≥ 2.0mm; and when the thickness is above 800mm, it should be ≥ 2.5mm. Especially, it is necessary to measure the middle of the bottom plate of the tray type bridge (the area prone to thinning) and the bending of the side plate of the trough type bridge (bending. Check the dimensions of the accessories: the thickness of the connecting piece should be consistent with the main body of the bridge (if the main body is 2.0mm, the connecting piece should not be less than 1.8mm), the diameter of the crossbar of the support (such as round steel support) should be ≥ 8mm, and the spacing between the brackets should be ≤ 1.5m (too rough will reduce the load-bearing capacity). Measure the length, width, and height of the bridge with a steel tape measure, with an error of ≤± 2mm. If the measured value is more than 5mm smaller than the nominal value, it may be due to mold aging or theft causing size shrinkage.

　　三、材料 “问诊”：识破 “以次充好” 的把戏

　　3、 Material "Consultation": Identifying the Trick of "Passing Off Poor Quality as Good"

　　通过 “一看二试三查” 判断材质真伪。“看” 颜色：热镀锌桥架应为银灰色，表面无明显黑斑（黑斑可能是锌液杂质或镀层过薄）；铝合金桥架呈银白色，氧化膜均匀（厚度≥10μm），若表面发暗或有斑点，可能是回收铝加工。“试” 物理特性：用磁铁吸附，Q235B 钢材桥架应被吸附，若完全不吸可能是劣质不锈钢或铝合金（需结合设计要求判断）；用硬度计测试（如巴氏硬度），铝合金桥架硬度应≥45HB，过低可能是铝含量不足。“查” 证明文件：要求提供材质检测报告（含屈服强度、拉伸强度数据，如 Q235B 钢材屈服强度≥235MPa）、镀锌层附着力测试报告（划格法检测，涂层无脱落），防火桥架需额外提供耐火极限检测（如耐火时间≥30 分钟），若厂商无法提供或数据异常，材质大概率存疑。

　　Determine the authenticity of the material through "one look, two tests, and three checks". Color "Look": The hot-dip galvanized bridge should be silver gray with no obvious black spots on the surface (black spots may be impurities in the zinc solution or a thin coating); The aluminum alloy bridge has a silver white color and a uniform oxide film (thickness ≥ 10 μ m). If the surface appears dark or has spots, it may be due to recycled aluminum processing. Physical characteristics of "test": Q235B steel bridge should be adsorbed by a magnet. If it does not absorb at all, it may be inferior stainless steel or aluminum alloy (to be judged based on design requirements); Using a hardness tester (such as Babbitt hardness), the hardness of the aluminum alloy bridge should be ≥ 45HB. If it is too low, it may be due to insufficient aluminum content. Proof documents for inspection: Material testing report (including yield strength and tensile strength data, such as Q235B steel yield strength ≥ 235MPa), galvanized layer adhesion testing report (grid method testing, no coating peeling) are required. Fire resistant bridge frames need to provide additional fire resistance limit testing (such as fire resistance time ≥ 30 minutes). If the manufacturer is unable to provide or the data is abnormal, the material is likely to be in doubt.

　　四、工艺 “触诊”：手感里的 “质量密码”

　　4、 Craft "palpation": the "quality code" in the feel

　　用手触摸桥架边缘，合格产品应做倒圆角处理（R 角≥2mm），无锋利毛边（毛边可能割伤施工人员或电缆），若边缘割手，可能是冲裁模具未打磨或偷省去毛刺工序。晃动连接部件，螺栓螺母应配合紧密，无松动异响，弹簧垫片需完整（缺失垫片会导致震动下螺栓脱落）。检查接地设计：桥架之间应设置跨接线，接地孔需去除涂层确保导电良好，若跨接线过细或未做接地处理，可能导致漏电风险。

　　Touch the edge of the bridge with your hand, and qualified products should be rounded (R angle ≥ 2mm) without sharp burrs (burrs may cut construction personnel or cables). If the edge is cut by hand, it may be due to the punching mold not being polished or the burr process being omitted. Shake the connecting components, the bolts and nuts should fit tightly without any looseness or abnormal noise, and the spring washers should be intact (missing washers can cause the bolts to fall off under vibration). Check the grounding design: jumper wires should be installed between cable trays, and the coating on the grounding holes should be removed to ensure good conductivity. If the jumper wires are too thin or not grounded, it may lead to leakage risk.

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