电缆桥架的线缆主要靠外面一层包皮绝缘，如果保护不好，长时间受到外界气体的腐蚀，绝缘性能逐渐降低，慢慢老化变硬，发脆或脱落，这时就不能起绝缘作用了。线缆的外表的绝缘层多用塑料和橡胶制成，有时候发现老化了，那么都是有哪些原因造成的呢?那么针对这个问题具体带大家分析一下。

The cables of the cable tray are mainly insulated by a layer of outer sheath. If the protection is not good, they will be corroded by external gas for a long time, and the insulation performance will gradually decrease. They will age and harden slowly, become brittle or fall off. At this time, they will not be able to play the role of insulation. The insulation layer on the outside of the cable is mostly made of plastic and rubber. Sometimes it is found that it is aging. What are the reasons? Then I'll take you to analyze this problem.

1、绝缘受潮情况。

1. Insulation moisture.

一般这样的情况也相对常见，通常发生在直埋或排管里的电缆接头处。比如：电缆接头制作不合格和在潮湿的气候条件下做接头，会使接头进水或混入水蒸气，在电场作用下形成水树枝，逐渐损害电缆的绝缘强度而造成故障。

Generally, this situation is also relatively common, which usually occurs at the cable joint in the directly buried or row pipe. For example, unqualified cable joints and joints made in humid weather conditions will make the joints water or mixed with water vapor, form water branches under the action of electric field, and gradually damage the insulation strength of the cable, resulting in failure.

2、化工原料的腐蚀。

2. Corrosion of chemical raw materials.

电缆直接埋在有酸碱作用的地区，往往会造成电缆的铠装、铅皮或外护层被腐蚀，保护层因长期遭受化学腐蚀或电解腐蚀，致使保护层失效，绝缘降低，也会导致电缆故障。

If the cable is directly buried in the area with acid-base effect, it will often cause the armor, lead skin or outer protective layer of the cable to be corroded. The protective layer will be subject to chemical corrosion or electrolytic corrosion for a long time, resulting in the failure of the protective layer, reduced insulation and cable failure.

3、长期过负荷运行。

3. Long term overload operation.

超负荷运行，由于电流的热效应，负载电流通过电缆时必然导致导体发热，同时电荷的集肤效应以及钢铠的涡流损耗、绝缘介质损耗也会产乍附加热量，从而使电缆温度升高。长期超负荷运行时，过高的温度会加速绝缘的老化，以绝缘被击穿。尤其在炎热的夏季，电缆的温升常常导致电缆绝缘薄弱处被击穿，因此在夏季，电缆的故障也就特别多。

During overload operation, due to the thermal effect of the current, the conductor will be heated when the load current passes through the cable. At the same time, the skin effect of the charge, the eddy current loss of the steel armor and the loss of insulating medium will also produce additional heat, which will increase the temperature of the cable. During long-term overload operation, too high temperature will accelerate the aging of insulation and even the insulation will be broken down. Especially in the hot summer, the temperature rise of the cable often leads to the breakdown of the weak part of the cable insulation first. Therefore, there are many cable faults in summer.

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4、电缆接头故障。

4. Cable connector failure.

电缆接头是电缆线路中薄弱的环节，由人员直接过失(施工不良)引发的电缆接头故障时常发生。施工人员在制作电缆接头过程中，如果有接头压接不紧、加热不充分等原网，都会导致电缆头绝缘降低，从而引发事故。

The cable joint is a weak link in the cable line. The cable joint failure caused by the direct fault of personnel (poor construction) often occurs. In the process of making cable joints, if there are original nets such as loose crimping and insufficient heating of joints, the insulation of cable heads will be reduced, resulting in accidents.

5、环境以及温度因素。

5. Environmental and temperature factors.

电缆桥架以及线缆周边的外界环境和热源也会造成电缆温度过高、绝缘击穿，严重的造成爆炸起火。

The cable bridge and the external environment and heat source around the cable will also cause excessive cable temperature, insulation breakdown, and serious explosion and fire.

6、外力损伤。

6. External force damage.

当前的非常多的电缆故障均以机械损伤引起的居多。举个例子看：电缆敷设安装时不规范施工，容易造成机械损伤;在直埋电缆上搞土建施工也容易将运行中的电缆损伤等。有的情况下当时线缆的损伤不严重，可能需要几个月甚几年才可能会出现损伤部位击穿形成故障，还有的线缆损坏较重的可能发生短路故障，直接影响电缆桥架和用电单位的生产生活问题。

At present, most cable faults are caused by mechanical damage. For example: the cable laying and installation is not standardized, which is easy to cause mechanical damage; Civil construction on directly buried cables is also easy to damage the cables in operation. In some cases, the damage of the cable is not serious at that time, and it may take months or even years before the breakdown of the damaged part may form a fault. In other cases, the cable with serious damage may have a short-circuit fault, which will directly affect the production and life of the cable bridge and power users.

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